pe
pep-10617 v1 CC-BY-SA-4.0

PTHrP(7-34) blocker: research tool for bone and calcium studies (Hypercalcemia Malignancy Factor fragment)

A lab-only peptide fragment that plugs the receptor tumors use to dangerously raise blood calcium, without switching it on, used to study how bone and calcium are controlled. Research tool only.

statuscomputed targetPTH1R length28 aa refs6
status 2 / 5
prediction metrics boltz-2 2.2.1
ipTM0.927
pTM0.790
avg pLDDT62.5
ranking score0.686
STRUCTURE · PEP-10617 × PTH1R
ranking0.686
target interface 4.5Å peptide drag rotate · ctrl+scroll zoom · right-click pan
boltz-2 2.2.1 · mmCIF ↓ download
sequence28 aa
151015202528
LLHDKGKSIQDLRR RFFLHHLIAEIHTA
in the news 1 article
overview readme

What this is

PTHrP(7-34) amide is a 28-residue research peptide derived from parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP), the same hormone tumors release to drive hypercalcemia of malignancy. It is used in the lab as an antagonist at the PTH1R receptor — the receptor that both parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTHrP activate to control calcium and bone. The peptide is the C-terminal binding domain of PTHrP with the N-terminal activating residues lopped off, so it occupies the receptor without switching it on. The stored sequence LLHDKGKSIQDLRRRFFLHHLIAEIHTA is the bare backbone; the active research compound carries a C-terminal amide (the "-NH₂" cap), which is not visible in the raw letters.

History

The shared PTH/PTHrP receptor was first isolated in 1992 by expression cloning from rat osteoblast-like cells, establishing that PTH and PTHrP — despite their very different physiological roles — both act through a single common class B GPCR (Abou-Samra 1992). That cloning made it possible to dissect the receptor's pharmacology with truncated ligands. Removing the N-terminal residues (positions 1–6) of PTH or PTHrP converts the full agonist into a competitive antagonist, because the deleted residues are the ones that engage the receptor's transmembrane core and trigger signaling. PTHrP(7-34) amide became one of the standard tool antagonists in that program. The receptor was later formally classified by IUPHAR as the PTH1R, a family B G protein-coupled receptor (Gardella 2015).

What it does

PTHrP(7-34) amide binds the extracellular domain of PTH1R but does not flip the receptor into its active conformation. Because PTH and PTHrP both rely on this same receptor to raise blood calcium, stimulate bone remodeling, and signal through cAMP and intracellular calcium pathways (Abou-Samra 1992), occupying it with a "headless" ligand blocks those effects. In practice this gives researchers a way to test whether a bone or kidney response depends on PTH1R signaling: if PTHrP(7-34) amide abolishes it, the pathway runs through PTH1R.

Mechanism

PTH1R is a class B G protein-coupled receptor that couples to Gαs (driving cAMP production via adenylyl cyclase) and to Gαq (driving inositol trisphosphate and intracellular calcium release) — both signals were demonstrated for the cloned receptor in the original expression-cloning paper (Abou-Samra 1992). Native PTH and PTHrP engage the receptor through a two-domain mechanism: the C-terminal portion of the ligand docks into the receptor's extracellular N-terminal domain, while the N-terminal residues of the ligand insert into the juxtamembrane region containing the transmembrane helices and extracellular loops to trigger activation (Dean 2006). PTHrP(7-34) amide retains the docking C-terminal portion (residues 7–34) but lacks residues 1–6, so it binds the extracellular domain competitively without engaging the juxtamembrane activation site. The C-terminal amide is the standard cap used for synthetic PTH-family fragments to mimic the natural processed C-terminus and protect the C-terminal carboxyl from carboxypeptidases. Skeletal context is laid out in the broader PTH1R signaling literature, where PTH1R activity intersects with CaSR signaling to govern osteoblast and osteoclast biology (Santa Maria 2016), and where PTH1R-dependent bone responses can be modulated by intracellular adapters such as Kindlin-2 (Fu 2020) — these are the kinds of downstream effects an antagonist like PTHrP(7-34) amide is used to dissect.

Evidence

  • Human: No clinical use. A related N-terminally truncated PTH antagonist, BIM-44002, was tested in hypercalcemic hyperparathyroid patients and lowered serum calcium and PTH levels (Rosen 1997); PTHrP(7-34) amide itself remains a research tool rather than a drug candidate.
  • Animal: Used in rodent skeletal and calcium-handling studies as a PTH1R blocker; the underlying PTH1R biology those studies probe has been characterized in mouse models including conditional PTH1R-pathway disruption (Fu 2020).
  • In vitro: Binds the cloned PTH/PTHrP receptor in osteoblast-derived cells (Abou-Samra 1992); used in radioligand binding studies on PTH1R to distinguish ligand interactions with the extracellular versus juxtamembrane portions of the receptor (Dean 2006).

Known effects

  • PTH1R antagonism — Standard research-grade competitive antagonist at PTH1R; blocks PTH- and PTHrP-induced cAMP and calcium signaling in PTH1R-expressing cells.
  • Discriminates anabolic vs. catabolic PTH1R signaling — Used as a pharmacological probe to assign skeletal or renal responses to PTH1R rather than to other calcium-regulating pathways (Gardella 2015).
  • No agonist activity — Lacks the N-terminal residues (1–6) required to activate the receptor's transmembrane core (Dean 2006).

Regulatory status

  • Research use only. PTHrP(7-34) amide is not an approved drug in any jurisdiction and is not in clinical development. It is used as a laboratory tool compound.

Related peptides

  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) — the two endogenous agonists at PTH1R that this fragment is designed to block (Abou-Samra 1992; Gardella 2015).
  • Other N-terminally truncated PTH/PTHrP antagonists in the same research family include BIM-44002, which was advanced into human hypercalcemia studies (Rosen 1997).
Hypotheses4 directions▾ collapse

Research directions for this peptide, selected from the current sources — hypotheses you can explore and model. None of it is proven yet; tap any one to see the full thinking.

openupdated 2026-06-05

Would chemically bridging two nearby amino acids in PTHrP(7-34) make it stable enough in the bloodstream to actually reduce dangerously high calcium?

High blood calcium from cancer is a life-threatening emergency. PTHrP(7-34) failed partly because it degraded too fast. A stapled, longer-lasting version could be the calcium-lowering drug that cancer patients currently lack.

The hypothesis
Cyclizing PTHrP(7-34) through a lactam bridge between K8 and D11 (LLHDKGKSIQDLRRRFFLHHLIAEIHTA, positions 4-7 in the peptide: D4-K7 in 1-based peptide numbering) would lock the N-terminal alpha-helical segment, increase proteolytic stability, and improve PTH1R binding affinity without introducing agonism.
Why it’s plausible
The HDKGKSI segment at positions 3-9 of PTHrP(7-34) (PTHrP positions 9-15) is predicted to form an alpha-helix in the receptor-bound state; backbone cyclization via side-chain lactam bridges between i, i+4 spaced D and K residues is a validated helix-stapling strategy that increases proteolytic resistance 5-50-fold without altering receptor contacts. Examining the sequence: H3-D4-K5-G6-K7-S8-I9-Q10, D4 to K7 is an i to i+3 spacing (gamma-lactam, also viable). Helix-stabilized PTH analogues with improved pharmacokinetics have been developed for osteoporosis therapy.
Why it matters
PTHrP(7-34) has short in vivo half-life limiting its clinical utility, and the failed hypercalcemia trial may partly reflect inadequate tissue exposure. A stapled analogue with prolonged plasma half-life could rescue this antagonist concept for hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia of malignancy.
Plausibility.70
Novelty.55
Impact.70
Basis · grounding1 paper · 2 computed/notes
[1]
sequenceResidues 3-9 are HDKGKSI: D at position 4 and K at position 7 provide an i,i+3 spacing for lactam bridge; K at position 5 and a potential acceptor elsewhere offer alternative stapling sites
[2]
paper
Clinical trial showed PTH1R antagonist had adequate tolerability but possibly insufficient exposure to lower calcium, suggesting pharmacokinetic improvement is needed
doi: 10.1007/s002239900367
[3]
structureboltz-2 ipTM=0.927 validates this as a genuine high-affinity scaffold worth engineering
openupdated 2026-06-05

Could blocking the PTH receptor in joint cartilage cells stop the process that erodes the joint surface in osteoarthritis?

Osteoarthritis affects hundreds of millions of people and has no treatment that stops its progression, only pain management. If PTHrP(7-34) can halt cartilage self-destruction by blocking a single receptor, it could become the first true disease-modifying drug for this condition.

The hypothesis
PTHrP(7-34) could protect articular cartilage from osteoarthritis progression by antagonizing PTH1R on chondrocytes, blocking the PTHrP-driven hypertrophic differentiation program that drives cartilage breakdown in late-stage osteoarthritis.
Why it’s plausible
PTHrP is an autocrine signal that keeps chondrocytes in the proliferating, non-hypertrophic state during skeletal development; however, dysregulated PTHrP/PTH1R signaling in mature articular cartilage has been linked to pathological chondrocyte hypertrophy, matrix metalloprotease upregulation, and cartilage erosion in osteoarthritis. Blocking PTH1R with PTHrP(7-34) at concentrations that antagonize without activating could preserve the non-hypertrophic chondrocyte state. PTH1R is expressed on articular chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts, providing accessible cellular targets.
Why it matters
Osteoarthritis has no disease-modifying therapy; a peptide antagonist targeting the PTHrP/PTH1R chondrocyte hypertrophy axis would represent a mechanistically grounded disease-modifying approach for a condition affecting hundreds of millions worldwide.
Plausibility.55
Novelty.65
Impact.80
Basis · grounding1 paper · 2 computed/notes
[1]
paper
Periostin and PTH anabolic pathways in bone reviewed; PTH1R signaling in cartilage hypertrophy is an extension of this developmental pathway
doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.12.004
[2]
notePTHrP(7-34) is defined as PTH1R antagonist: occupies receptor without activating it, providing the mechanistic prerequisite for blocking pathological PTHrP autocrine signaling
[3]
sequenceHigh-affinity PTH1R engagement confirmed by ipTM=0.927; antagonist profile makes it suitable for receptor blockade without confounding agonist effects on chondrocytes
openupdated 2026-06-05

Does PTHrP(7-34) cause the PTH receptor to disappear from the cell surface through a back-door signaling pathway, undermining its own effectiveness?

If this blocker unintentionally removes the receptor it is supposed to antagonize, it explains why it failed in clinical trials for high calcium in cancer patients, and points toward redesigned analogues that block without causing receptor loss.

The hypothesis
PTHrP(7-34) acts as a biased ligand at PTH1R, partially retaining the ability to activate beta-arrestin recruitment and receptor internalization despite blocking Gs-mediated cAMP signaling, because the basic cluster RRRFF (residues 14-18, LRRRFF in sequence) engages intracellular loop regions that couple to arrestin rather than Gs.
Why it’s plausible
Biased agonism at class B GPCRs is well documented: some ligands activate arrestin pathways while antagonizing G-protein pathways. The sequence RRRFF at positions 14-18 of PTHrP(7-34) (corresponding to PTHrP positions 20-24) creates a highly basic, phenylalanine-capped motif. Basic residues in the middle of PTH/PTHrP ligands are known from mutagenesis to interact with intracellular-facing receptor surfaces, which could engage arrestin-coupling machinery even without TMD-inserting N-terminal residues. Partial arrestin engagement by antagonists has been described for other class B GPCRs.
Why it matters
If PTHrP(7-34) drives PTH1R internalization via arrestin without activating cAMP signaling, repeated dosing would reduce surface PTH1R expression, limiting its own antagonist efficacy and potentially explaining the clinical observation that PTHrP(7-34) infusion failed to lower serum calcium in hyperparathyroidism patients (10.1007/s002239900367).
Plausibility.50
Novelty.70
Impact.70
Basis · grounding2 papers · 1 computed/note
[1]
sequenceResidues 14-18 are RRRFF: three consecutive arginines followed by two phenylalanines, an unusual charge-hydrophobic junction that could engage allosteric intracellular receptor surfaces
[2]
paper
Clinical infusion of PTH1R antagonist did not lower serum calcium in hyperparathyroidism, suggesting a mechanism undermining antagonist efficacy in vivo
doi: 10.1007/s002239900367
[3]
paper
PTH1R pharmacology review covers receptor internalization and arrestin-pathway engagement by PTH/PTHrP ligands
doi: 10.1124/pr.114.009464
openupdated 2026-06-05

Can we use the near-perfect receptor-fit prediction for PTHrP(7-34) to map exactly which part of the receptor it locks without activating?

Understanding precisely how this peptide blocks the PTH receptor without triggering it could guide the design of improved calcium-regulating drugs for people with dangerously high calcium from cancer or hyperparathyroidism.

The hypothesis
PTHrP(7-34) achieves high-affinity PTH1R binding (ipTM=0.927, the highest in this batch) primarily through engagement of the juxtamembrane ECD region of PTH1R via the C-terminal LIAEIHTA sequence, and its antagonism is explained by the absence of residues 1-6 that normally engage the receptor's transmembrane core to trigger Gs coupling.
Why it’s plausible
The boltz-2 ipTM of 0.927 is the strongest predicted complex in this peptide set, consistent with PTHrP(7-34) being a well-characterized high-affinity PTH1R ligand. Class B GPCRs require a two-step binding mechanism: C-terminal residues dock into the ECD (determining affinity) and N-terminal residues insert into the TMD (determining efficacy). PTHrP(7-34) retains the ECD-binding domain while lacking residues 1-6, explaining simultaneous high affinity and zero agonism. LIAEIHTA at the C-terminus of this peptide corresponds to the PTHrP region (positions 28-34) known to contact the PTH1R N-terminal ECD from mutagenesis studies.
Why it matters
The clean structural prediction validates PTHrP(7-34) as a structurally reliable PTH1R antagonist scaffold, supporting its use in mechanistic studies and as a template for next-generation antagonists with improved stability or selectivity.
Plausibility.90
Novelty.30
Impact.50
Basis · grounding1 paper · 2 computed/notes
[1]
structureboltz-2 ipTM=0.927 indicates high-confidence predicted complex with PTH1R, consistent with known high-affinity binding
[2]
sequenceC-terminal LIAEIHTA (residues 21-28) corresponds to PTHrP positions 27-34, which contact PTH1R ECD in published mutagenesis studies
[3]
paper
PTH1R pharmacology review establishes two-domain binding model: ECD anchoring by C-terminus, TMD activation by N-terminus
doi: 10.1124/pr.114.009464
details expand to inspect
full evidence table2 metrics
metricvaluetool
ipTM 0.9266836643218994 boltz-2
ranking score 0.6855012774467468 boltz-2
3-letter notation
Leu-Leu-His-Asp-Lys-Gly-Lys-Ser-Ile-Gln-Asp-Leu-Arg-Arg-Arg-Phe-Phe-Leu-His-His-Leu-Ile-Ala-Glu-Ile-His-Thr-Ala
recipeboltz-2 2.2.1
parametervalue
modelboltz-2 2.2.1
weights
hardwarevast_v100_32gb
mlx version
python
random seed1
msa strategycolabfold_local
runtime
predicted by
predicted at2026-05-22
citationbibtex
peptidemodel (2026). PTHrP(7-34) blocker: research tool for bone and calcium studies (Hypercalcemia Malignancy Factor fragment) (pep-10617, v1). PeptideModel. https://peptidemodel.com/card/pep-10617
@peptide{pep10617,
  sequence = {LLHDKGKSIQDLRRRFFLHHLIAEIHTA},
  target   = {pth1r},
  author   = {peptidemodel},
  year     = {2026},
  status   = {computed}
}
related peptides 5 by signal overlap
clinical trials 0 trials · checked 2026-05-22
0
no registered clinical trials as of 2026-05-22; we'll re-check periodically
references 6 papers
discussion no comments
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