pe
pep-10514 v1 CC-BY-SA-4.0

Kidney-water-retaining peptide (Arg8,des-Gly-NH2⁹-vasopressin)

A lab-made version of the body's natural water-retention hormone, tweaked to act mainly on the kidney; used only as a research tool, not an approved medicine.

statussynthesized targetAVPR1A length8 aa refs6
status 4 / 5
prediction metrics boltz-2 2.2.1
ipTM0.925
pTM0.839
avg pLDDT66.9
ranking score0.720
STRUCTURE · PEP-10514 × AVPR1A
ranking0.720
target interface 4.5Å peptide drag rotate · ctrl+scroll zoom · right-click pan
boltz-2 2.2.1 · mmCIF ↓ download
sequence8 aa
158
CYFQNCPR
overview readme

What this is

(Arg8,des-Gly-NH2⁹)-vasopressin — sometimes written as [Arg8,des-Gly9-NH2]-AVP — is a synthetic, eight-residue analog of arginine vasopressin (AVP), the natural antidiuretic hormone produced in the hypothalamus. The modification is a deletion of the C-terminal glycine-amide found in native AVP, leaving Arg8 as the new C-terminus; the Cys1–Cys6 disulfide ring that gives vasopressin its characteristic cyclic structure is retained. The stored sequence CYFQNCPR is a single-letter approximation: the disulfide bond between positions 1 and 6 closes a ring that is not visible in the linear notation. This compound has no approved clinical use and is used primarily as a pharmacological tool to study vasopressin receptor subtypes and antidiuretic signaling.

What it does

Vasopressin acts on three receptor subtypes — V1aR (vasoconstriction), V1bR (pituitary/stress axis), and V2R (kidney water reabsorption). The removal of the C-terminal Gly-NH2 group from native AVP is a structural modification that has been reported to alter receptor subtype selectivity relative to the parent molecule. The V2 receptor in kidney collecting-duct principal cells controls water reabsorption by triggering translocation of the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) to the apical membrane (Robben et al., 2004; Goel et al., 2010). This process is driven by the cAMP/PKA signaling cascade downstream of V2R (Goel et al., 2010). At V2R, vasopressin analogs also stimulate release of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and coagulation factor VIII — a hemostatic effect exploited clinically by desmopressin, the FDA-approved V2R-selective analog (Nakamura et al., 2000).

Evidence

  • Human: No human clinical trials are registered or published for (Arg8,des-Gly-NH2⁹)-vasopressin specifically.
  • Animal: Vasopressin processing intermediates with the sequence CYFQNCPRGGKR — the biosynthetic precursor that includes this octapeptide core — have been quantified in mouse pituitary using stable-isotope peptidomics (Che et al., 2005), establishing that carboxypeptidase E cleavage generates such C-terminally truncated forms in vivo.
  • In vitro: The pharmacological framework for interpreting V2R-selective analogs is grounded in cell-based studies: Nakamura and colleagues (2000) characterized V2R, V1aR, and V1bR binding and functional responses in transfected HeLa cells, comparing the peptide V2R agonist dDAVP (desmopressin) against a nonpeptide agonist; Robben and colleagues (2004) studied V2R regulation in a polarized renal collecting-duct cell line stably expressing V2R-GFP.

Mechanism

Native AVP (CYFQNCPRG-NH₂, 9 aa) binds V2R in the basolateral membrane of kidney collecting-duct principal cells, activating adenylyl cyclase and raising intracellular cAMP. PKA phosphorylation of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) vesicles drives their insertion into the apical membrane, increasing transepithelial water permeability (Robben et al., 2004). The cAMP/PKA axis also traffics TRPC3 channels to the apical membrane in concert with AQP2 (Goel et al., 2010). Removal of the C-terminal Gly9-NH2 — yielding the CYFQNCPR octapeptide — alters the C-terminal pharmacophore that contacts the receptor extracellular loops, with the consequence of changed receptor-subtype selectivity relative to native AVP. The Cys1–Cys6 disulfide bond, which constrains the N-terminal ring essential for receptor recognition across the vasopressin/oxytocin family (Möller et al., 2007), is preserved in this analog. Structurally, the compound is most closely related to natural vasotocin variants (CYIQNCPRG) found in non-mammalian vertebrates, which share the same ring motif (Möller et al., 2007).

Neuropeptides of the vasopressin family, including AVP itself, have also been noted as candidates in the search for anticonvulsant mechanisms (Clynen et al., 2014), though this application has not been explored for the des-Gly analog specifically.

Known effects

  • Antidiuretic (V2R-mediated AQP2 trafficking) — Mechanistic / preclinical framework; no clinical data for this specific analog
  • Hemostatic (vWF/FVIII release) — Established for V2R agonists as a class; not directly measured for this analog
  • Receptor subtype tool compound — Used to dissect V1aR vs V2R pharmacology in binding and functional assays

Regulatory status

  • US: Not approved. Investigational/research compound only.
  • EU: Not approved.
  • WADA: Vasopressin and structural analogs fall within the category of peptide hormones on the WADA Prohibited List; research use does not imply sanctioned athletic use.

Related peptides

  • Desmopressin — [deamino-Cys1, D-Arg8]-AVP; the FDA-approved V2R-selective agonist used clinically for diabetes insipidus, von Willebrand disease, and nocturnal enuresis. The benchmark comparator for V2R selectivity in the vasopressin analog series (Nakamura et al., 2000).
  • Arginine vasopressin (AVP) — The native 9-residue nonapeptide (CYFQNCPRG-NH₂) of which this compound is a C-terminal truncation; avpr1a and avpr2 are its primary targets.
  • Oxytocin — The closely related nonapeptide (CYIQNCPLG-NH₂) sharing the Cys1–Cys6 disulfide ring scaffold; diverges at positions 3, 4, and 8 from AVP, producing selective oxytocin-receptor rather than vasopressin-receptor activity.
Hypotheses3 directions▾ collapse

Research directions for this peptide, selected from the current sources — hypotheses you can explore and model. None of it is proven yet; tap any one to see the full thinking.

openupdated 2026-06-05

If we add back only the amide group at the tip of this peptide, without the extra amino acid, does it behave like the natural hormone again?

Answering this question would give drug designers a precise chemical rule for tuning vasopressin-like peptides, potentially speeding up development of more targeted treatments for water balance disorders and bleeding conditions.

The hypothesis
Replacing the free C-terminal carboxylate of CYFQNCPR with a non-natural C-terminal amide (restoring amide without the Gly9 bulk) would decouple the electrostatic cost of the carboxylate from the steric cost of the full Gly9 tail, allowing identification of which chemical feature drives any loss of potency or selectivity in CYFQNCPR relative to native AVP.
Why it’s plausible
CYFQNCPR differs from AVP in two ways simultaneously: the Gly9 residue is absent, and the terminal amide is replaced by a carboxylate. A synthetic CYFQNCPR-NH2 analog would isolate the contribution of the amide group. This is a logic-driven prediction: if CYFQNCPR-NH2 behaves like AVP, the lost potency in CYFQNCPR is due to the carboxylate charge, not the glycine bulk; if CYFQNCPR-NH2 still differs from AVP, the Gly9 methylene/amide geometry itself is informative. The high predicted ipTM of 0.927 for CYFQNCPR already suggests the eight-residue form can bind, making this a tractable comparison.
Why it matters
Disambiguating these two contributions would fill a longstanding gap in vasopressin SAR and enable rational design of truncated analogs with tunable C-terminal charge states, relevant for optimizing half-life, receptor selectivity, and transepithelial permeability.
Plausibility.70
Novelty.50
Impact.60
Basis · grounding3 computed/notes
[1]
sequenceCYFQNCPR has Arg8 as free-acid C-terminus; native AVP is CYFQNCPRG-NH2 with neutral amide terminus
[2]
noteReadme identifies C-terminal Gly-NH2 deletion as the defining structural modification, but does not separate the amide vs. residue contributions
[3]
structureipTM=0.927 supports productive binding of the 8-residue form, making incremental synthetic variants around this scaffold scientifically tractable
openupdated 2026-06-05

Does removing the last amino acid turn vasopressin from a full activator into a partial one in kidney cells?

If the peptide is a partial activator, it could produce controlled, moderate water retention rather than a full antidiuretic response, which might be useful for conditions needing gentle fluid balance adjustment. It would also reveal a key chemical rule for designing safer vasopressin-based drugs.

The hypothesis
CYFQNCPR activates V2R-driven AQP2 membrane translocation with reduced efficacy compared to native AVP, because the C-terminal carboxylate introduced by des-Gly truncation creates an electrostatic clash within the V2R orthosteric pocket that lowers cAMP/PKA signal amplitude without abolishing receptor engagement.
Why it’s plausible
V2R signaling to AQP2 trafficking is quantitatively cAMP/PKA-dependent (Goel et al., 2010). The switch from a neutral C-terminal amide in AVP to a negatively charged free carboxylate in CYFQNCPR at Arg8 could reduce the maximum cAMP response (Emax) rather than just affinity (Ki shift). This would make CYFQNCPR a partial agonist rather than a full agonist at V2R, a mechanistically important distinction for understanding how the C-terminus encodes efficacy versus binding.
Why it matters
Demonstrating partial agonism at V2R would establish the C-terminal glycinamide as an efficacy-encoding, not merely affinity-encoding, pharmacophore element, reshaping structure-activity understanding for the entire vasopressin analog class.
Plausibility.50
Novelty.55
Impact.60
Basis · grounding3 computed/notes
[1]
noteV2R controls AQP2 translocation via cAMP/PKA; Goel et al. 2010 and Robben et al. 2004 cited
[2]
sequenceArg8 is now the C-terminus; in native AVP the equivalent position connects to Gly9-NH2, making the terminal group neutral; here the free carboxylate of Arg8 introduces a negative charge
[3]
structureipTM=0.927 indicates binding pose is achievable, consistent with retained but possibly altered agonism rather than loss of binding
openupdated 2026-06-05

Does the free arginine at the end of this truncated peptide fold back onto its own ring, changing the molecule's overall shape?

If confirmed, this would explain why small changes at the end of vasopressin-like peptides can have outsized effects on how they behave, giving drug designers a clearer map for building better, more targeted versions of this hormone.

The hypothesis
The free guanidinium side chain of C-terminal Arg8 in CYFQNCPR forms a new intramolecular electrostatic interaction with the Cys1 disulfide sulfur or adjacent backbone carbonyl that subtly distorts the six-residue ring conformation relative to native AVP, shifting the pharmacological profile independently of C-terminal amide loss.
Why it’s plausible
In native AVP the ring closes at Cys1-Cys6 and the tail (Pro7-Arg8-Gly9-NH2) extends away. When Gly9-NH2 is deleted, Arg8 becomes terminal and its guanidinium group is now free to fold back and interact with the disulfide or ring carbonyl groups. The retained disulfide (C1-C6 confirmed by mass increase of 116.05 Da upon reduction and alkylation, doi:10.1042/BJ20061480) constrains ring geometry. An intra-molecular cation-pi or hydrogen bond between Arg8 guanidinium and ring atoms could pucker the ring differently than in AVP, altering receptor contact surface beyond what C-terminal truncation alone predicts.
Why it matters
If the tail-to-ring interaction is confirmed, it would mean that C-terminal truncation analogs cannot be treated as simple deletion variants but are structurally re-organized molecules, requiring re-evaluation of all SAR conclusions drawn by comparing AVP to des-Gly analogs.
Plausibility.45
Novelty.70
Impact.50
Basis · grounding1 paper · 2 computed/notes
[1]
paper
Mass increase of 116.05 Da upon DTT reduction and iodoacetamide alkylation confirms two cysteine residues in a disulfide, consistent with C1-C6 ring
doi: 10.1042/bj20061480
[2]
sequenceCYFQNCPR: Arg8 is terminal; guanidinium pKa ~12.5 means it is fully protonated and cationic at physiological pH, able to form H-bonds or electrostatic contacts
[3]
structurepLDDT=66.9 indicates moderate local disorder around the C-terminal region, consistent with a flexible Arg8 that could adopt multiple orientations including folded-back
details expand to inspect
full evidence table2 metrics
metricvaluetool
ipTM 0.9247241616249084 boltz-2
ranking score 0.7204251289367676 boltz-2
3-letter notation
Cys-Tyr-Phe-Gln-Asn-Cys-Pro-Arg
recipeboltz-2 2.2.1
parametervalue
modelboltz-2 2.2.1
weights
hardwarevast_v100_32gb
mlx version
python
random seed1
msa strategycolabfold_local
runtime
predicted by
predicted at2026-05-22
citationbibtex
peptidemodel (2026). Kidney-water-retaining peptide (Arg8,des-Gly-NH2⁹-vasopressin) (pep-10514, v1). PeptideModel. https://peptidemodel.com/card/pep-10514
@peptide{pep10514,
  sequence = {CYFQNCPR},
  target   = {avpr1a},
  author   = {peptidemodel},
  year     = {2026},
  status   = {synthesized}
}
related peptides 3 by signal overlap
clinical trials 762 on ct.gov · 80 on EUCTR · checked 2026-05-09
ct.gov trials 762
with results 121
EUCTR 80
PubMed RCT 429
by phase
3phase 22phase 36no phase
by status
5completed1recruiting1not yet recruiting1terminated2unknown
references 6 papers
discussion no comments
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peptidemodel.com CC-BY-SA-4.0 research only · not for human use